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Seashore Foraging & Fishing Study
Seaweeds As Food

If we only had better names for them than 'Sea Weeds'..... 
'Algae' doesn't have that certain ring either..... 
But then, nor do 'Cabbage', 'Coleslaw', 'Broccoli', or 'Potatoes' have that taste-tingling sound.....

Lato - Philippine Caviare

"Take lato-the translucently green, miniature grapes from the sea. Pinch off a bunch and bite into it. The liquid inside each precious globe jets out in a small spray- slightly salty, mildly sticky, a gliding: malapot lapot na madulas. Texture is also motion - an ephemeral encounter of teeth, substance and tongue, a gustatory moment playing on the scale of pleasure, from middling right up to ecstatic. Always it is just a fleeting moment, a convergence in a fleeting second of the self and of the object-a blossoming inside"
from: 'Kinilaw: a Philippine Cuisine of Freshness' - by Edilberto N. Alegre & Doreen G. Fernandez. - Makati, Metro Manila: Bookmark, cl991

 

The strange thing is that it actually does taste just like that.


Lato for sale in Pasil fishmarket,  Cebu 

 

Guso - Seaweed - Eucheuma Spp

Eucheuma denticulatam (Guso) for eating
 

Guso (eucheuma spp) salad

Guso for sale in Carbon Market, Cebu. 
In front, from top clockwise, are: Ganga (conch - lambis), Taklubo (tridacna clams), Tahong (mussels), razor shells, and Imbaw (clams) 

 

Lukot - Marine Spaghetti

Lukot salad
A breakfast of kinilaw (raw fish in vinegar) at the lukot stand at Pasil fish market, Cebu
Although everyone calls it a 'seaweed', lukot is anything but. It took me a long time to find out what it really was - the 'secretions' of the creature on the left - dongsul - Sea Hare - just another sea slug (shell-less snail) to you and I.

Even now that I've found that these creatures are sometimes called ba't , and I've realised I've been eating ba't shit all this time, I still find it delicious.


Seaweed has an astonishing range of uses, and is now one of the most widely farmed 'cash crops' in the Philippines.

Aside from use as food, seaweed is used as a raw material in the manufacture of products such as alginate, agar and carrageenan.

There are five species of seaweed in the country:
Guso - Eucheuma (usually exported fresh)
Lato - Caulerpa (exported fresh or in salted form)
Sargassum (as meal for animal feed manufacture)
Gelidiella and Gracilaria (both exported dried).
Agar-Agar, Guso, or Eucheuma

Agar-Agar is most in demand in the domestic & export markets. Eucheuma can be farmed commercially almost anywhere in the country’s coastal areas.

It took more than 50 years before Filipinos were able to unlock the hidden wonders of seaweed. Carrageenan is very much part of modern day living, as the "wonder powder" derived from processed seaweed.

As a binder, moisture holder, and gelling agent it is used by food processors all over the world:

To enhance the quality of poultry, hams, sausages, and other meat products. Sauces, salad dressings and dips require carrageenan to impart body, provide thickness and stabilize emulsions. 

It creates a stable gel for canned meat products and shrimp or fish gels, and in dairy and dessert products. 

Whipped creams and toppings retain their stable form due to carrageenan.It gives body to acid milk products such as cheese and, in yogurt, improved fruit suspension. 

In ice cream, carrageenan prevents whey separation and ice crystal formation. It is also used in puddings and pie fillings as it creates a stable gel. Even chocolate drinks maintain quality with the aid of carrageenan.

Non-food products also benefit from carrageenan. Beauty care products and pharmaceuticals make use of the seaweed derivative. Shampoos have acquired improved foam stability and thickness due to carrageenan. Lotions and creams use it for  body, slip, and improved "rub-out" sensation. Even in toothpaste, carrageenan is very much at work acting as a binder while improving foam stability in the product.

Agar-agar - a coarser species of Eucheuma on a tarpaulin (togther with the palay - rice harvest), sun - drying. In General Luna, it fetches about P26 (US50˘) per kilo, fully dried

 

You’ve probably used a product this very day that may have had carrageenan from the agar-agar grown in the lagoon outside my window

 

Seaweed As Food - Worldwide 

Seaweeds, raw, cooked, or dried, are used as food in many cultures. Seaweeds are good sources of many vitamins and minerals, and some are said to contain substantial amounts of protein.

Unfortunately, we cannot digest many of the complex carbohydrates in the plants, but this may be an advantage for those counting calories. Seaweeds can add variety and taste to bland foods and may be used to wrap such foods as rice. 

The harvesting and marketing of edible seaweed is a growing business. There is no need for planting, fertilizing, weeding, or tilling. The ocean takes care of everything, though oil and sewage pollutants can spoil the best of harvests. Seaweeds are harvested by hand, rinsed in water, and dried on lines or nets. Connoisseurs use seaweed in salads, soups, omelets, casseroles, and sandwiches. 

  • Ulva is not called sea lettuce for nothing. It can be eaten fresh in salads.
  • Limu, including limu 'ele 'ele (the green Enteromorpha prolifera) and limu manauea (the red Gracilaria monopifolia), are beloved by the Hawaiians.
  • Purple laver (a species of Porphyra, a red alga) prepared in various ways is eaten in some parts of the British Isles. Washed and boiled, it is formed into flat cakes, rolled in oatmeal, and fried; it is then called laverbread. Purple laver is also eaten as a hot vegetable or fried with bacon.
  • Irish moss (Chondrus, a red alga and a source of carrageenan) is dried and used in preparing blancmange and other desserts in eastern Canada, New England, and parts of northern Europe.
  • Palmana, another red alga, is dried and eaten, mostly by those living along the Atlantic coast of Canada and northern Europe. Called dulse, it is sometimes still used in making bread and several types of desserts. For those on a diet, dulse can also be chewed like tobacco (of course it's nicotine-free).

(My grandmother used to hang a bunch of kelp outside her kitchen door. If it was crispy or limp, it would forecast, very reliably, the weather - sunny or rainy. Nowadays, of course, you can absolutely trust the TV weather forecast).

It is in the Orient, however, that preparing seaweed for food has reached the level of an art. Several species are carefully cultivated, supporting multimillion-dollar operations. 

Seaweed culture is a very old tradition in Japan, and Japanese cuisine uses seaweed in many ways.
These ladies are gathering kelp in Northern Japan.

Species of Laminaria and Alaria, a kelp called kombu, are dried and shredded, then prepared in various ways. They are even used to make tea and candy.

See also: From Poot-Poot to Fish Sauce to Umami to MSG

Undaria, or wakame, is another edible kelp best when fresh or cooked for a very short time. 

Porphyra, a red alga, is used to make thin sheets of nori, widely used in soups, and for wrapping sushi, boiled rice stuffed with bits of raw fish, sea urchin roe, or other ingredients.

In 'developed' parts of the world, such as the United States:

  • Sea palm (Postelsia), also known as "sea noodles," is a best-seller. They are said to be excellent when sautéd in honey or in butter and garlic. Coastal Indians cooked it in ovens and made it into cakes. 
  • Pickled bullwhip kelp (Nereocystis) tastes even better than regular pickled cucumbers. (But wouldn't anything?)
  • Bladder rockweed (a type of Fucus) makes great tea. 

Hawaiian Limu Salad - Wash the limu to remove any sand, and wilt with hot water. Drain after approximately 1 minute, rinse in cold water, and drain. Mix the remaining ingredients and add the limu. Marinate overnight before serving.

3 cups limu
1/3 cup vinegar
2/3 cups soy sauce
1 chopped onion
3 smashed cloves of garlic
1 small piece of minced ginger, preferably fresh

Adapted from A. Major, The Book of Seaweed, London: Gordon and Cremonesi, 1977.

Pretty much as my neighbours eat seaweed, but they prefer the freshness - without the garlic and soy sauce.

Source: (Marine Biology - Peter Castro, Michael Huber - Wm C Brown)


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Richard Parker  - Siargao Island - November  2004 (Last updated Monday, May 08, 2006)  

I welcome comments or corrections on my site and opinions, so please feel free to email me at:  richardparker01@yahoo.com