Sponsors Wanted:

I research and write this site for my own pleasure, but if you belong to a huge money making capitalist corporation, and would like people to think you really do have a tender heart, please consider investing a pittance to advertise here.

If you just want 'genuine & reliable' dietary advice, then read The Siargao Diet, and just send cash.

Back to Coconut Studio Index Page

Seashore Foraging & Fishing Study
From Poot-Poot to Fish Sauce to Umami to MSG

The ‘Philippines Handbook’  (Moon Publications, California - 1993) - says about General Luna:  'Try poot-poot a delicious local fish dish'.  So does the Lonely Planet Guide

So, if a naive tourist asks for 'a bowl of poot-poot, please' he or she is greeted only with polite stares and barely concealed giggles. No poot-poot arrives. The reason? Filipinos really don't like to give the 'wrong' answer - a negative, a refusal, so on. 

And everybody knows that poot-poot ginamos from GL is world-famous, don't they? So why is this dumb, ignorant incomer asking for a bowl of it ? With nothing else ? What to say?

The baffled tourist goes away (as I did) thinking 'What dumb, ignorant people these are'.

GL’s Poot-Poot Ginamos is world famous (well, at least to parts of Manila, which is far enough).

"Uncle Philip in Arizona was craving for poot-poot ginamos. It is a rare Surigao delicacy made of fries (newly hatched fishes) no bigger than a pinhead and found only near the Philippine Deep. Like caviar, a jar costs hundreds and these are available only during certain times of the year. I put my foot down and told my parents I'm not bringing any, "it's not environment-friendly" They prevailed on me to bring two jars of bagoong, instead".
A Filipina writing about pasalubong (traveller's gifts)

 

Ginamos is a basic fish sauce, made from ¾ poot-poot (anchovy fry) and ¼ sea salt, mixed carefully, and kept in a jar for as long as you need. The fish progressively 'ferments'  in the jar until it has practically disintegrated.

In other parts of the Philippines the liquor is drained off as 'patis', a very common Filipino table condiment, and the residue packed as 'bago'ong' pungent fish paste, often spiced as well. 

Street vendors carry 'bago'ong' as an essential accompaniment for sliced green mango - the salty fish taste perfectly complements the tart mango. It is also used as a dipping sauce, mixed with the juice of 'calamansi' the Filipino 'lemon'.

'What strange eating habits these far-away exotic peoples have!' - you might say. Well, don't. 

Fish sauce is familiar all over the Far East, (and it, or its equivalents, are essential in Western cooking too).

 

Shottsuru Japan
Nam Pla Thailand
Nuoc Mam Vietnam
Nga Pi Burma
Garum Ancient Rome
Salted Anchovies Europe
Bacalao (Salted Cod) Spain, Portugal and huge areas of West Africa 

Fish sauce is an essential ingredient of the familar paste and sauces shown on the right.

'Patum Peperium' is a snobbish version of fish paste. It used to come in little porcelain pots (now plastic) and is the sort of thing fond parents sent to their boarding-school brats. I carry some as comfort food - it costs £6.00 per 71gm jar - $160 per kilo.

Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Sauce is well-known worldwide. 

Mother's Best is a pale imitation of the real thing - just like 'Mother's' anything is.

And the reason for its popularity ?

UMAMI

The fifth taste.

"It’s usually said that the human tongue can detect only four basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter and salty, and that all tastes are combinations of these. Many specialists now believe that taste is actually more complicated than this, with the taste buds being helped along by sense of smell, by the feel of substances in the mouth and even by the noise that food makes when we chew it.

In recent years some workers (about a century ago in Japan, so not really acceptable to Real Scientists) have added a fifth taste, umami, to the other four, though western food scientists are divided about whether it really exists or not. It has been suggested that the taste is triggered by compounds of some amino acids, such as glutamates or aspartates, especially the flavour-enhancing substance monosodium glutamate.

Both the word and the concept are Japanese, and in Japan are of some antiquity. Umami is hard to translate, to judge by the number of English words that have been suggested as equivalents, such as savoury, essence, pungent, deliciousness, and meaty. It’s sometimes associated with a feeling of perfect quality in a taste, or of some special emotional circumstance in which a taste is experienced. It is also said to involve all the senses, not just that of taste. There’s more than a suggestion of a spiritual or mystical quality about the word".
World Wide Words © Michael Quinion

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Professor Kikunae Ikeda of Tokyo Imperial University was thinking about the taste of food: "There is a taste which is common to asparagus, tomatoes, cheese and meat but which is not one of the four well-known tastes of sweet, sour, bitter and salty."

It was in 1907 that Professor Ikeda started his experiments to identify what the source of this distinctive taste was.  He knew that it was present in the "broth" made from kombu (a type of seaweed) found in traditional Japanese cuisine. Starting with a tremendous quantity of kombu broth, he succeeded in extracting crystals of glutamic acid (or glutamate). Glutamate is an amino acid, and is a building block of protein. Professor Ikeda found that glutamate had a distinctive taste, different from sweet, sour, bitter and salty, and he named it "umami". 100 grams of dried kombu contain about 1 gram of glutamate.
The Discovery of Umami

And so, Monosodium Glutamate was born

Discovery of new taste receptor
:: fifth taste responds to amino acids

Humans can recognize five tastes: bitter, salty, sour, sweet and umami. Umami is the most difficult to describe (it's the flavor associated with monosodium glutamate). Now, researchers led by Charles S. Zuker and Nicholas J. P. Ryba have identified a taste receptor that responds to amino acids, including umami. Given that many amino acids are essential components of our diet, this work may also aid understanding of how animals, including humans, regulate nutritional intake to achieve a balanced diet.

Zuker's and Ryba's groups previously collaborated in discovering sweet and bitter taste receptors.

According to Zuker, discovery of the amino acid taste receptor will have important implications for understanding the machinery of taste. "When Nick Ryba and I began this collaboration a bit over four years ago, our ultimate goal was to understand how the brain knows what you just tasted," he said. "We wanted to discover how taste receptor cells are activated and how their signals travel to the brain to produce specific taste perceptions.

"To do that, we first needed to define the different taste modalities at a cellular level, so that we could then follow their connectivity maps to the brain. The "Holy Grail" in this field has been the receptors, and now that we know the receptors underlying three modalities - sweet, bitter and amino acid - we can begin to work on our original goal, to map this system to understand how taste is encoded," Zuker said. 
Homing In On a Receptor for the Fifth Taste

So What Exactly, Is Monosodium Glutamate?

What is MSG?

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, an amino acid which is present in all protein. 

How is it made?

Glutamate is produced through fermentation, a process used in making beer, vinegar, soy sauce and yogurt. The process begins with natural products such as molasses from sugar cane or sugar beets and food starch from tapioca or cereals.

Does the human body metabolize monosodium glutamate added to foods differently from the glutamate occurring naturally in foods?

No. The glutamate naturally present in food and the glutamate derived from MSG are identical. They are digested and absorbed in the same way from the intestine. Once they are ingested, our bodies make no distinction between glutamate from foods such as tomatoes and glutamate from MSG. In fact, research has shown that glutamate from food or from MSG is important for the normal functioning of the digestive system.
This is not absolutely true - the glutamates in our bodies are not artificially reduced to a single chemical. On the other hand, almost every single protein we ever cook is changed chemically or physically - that is what gives cooked food its flavours.

Will the addition of more MSG make food taste better?

The taste of MSG, like the taste of salt, has a self-limiting characteristic. Only a small amount of MSG is needed to achieve optimum flavor. Further addition of MSG has little or no beneficial effect.

Does MSG allow food manufacturers to substitute inferior or poor quality ingredients for high quality ingredients?

No. MSG can only enhance the original taste of good food.

Just like make-up can only enhance a truly beautiful woman?

In which foods is MSG used?

MSG can be used in many savoury dishes, on meat, fish, poultry and many vegetables, and in sauces, soups and marinades.

Is the amount of glutamate added to foods for flavor far greater than the amount of glutamate found naturally in foods?

The glutamate added to foods for flavor represents only a small fraction of the total amount of glutamate consumed in the average daily diet. The average person consumes between 10 and 20 grams of glutamate daily. The average added intake of glutamate from MSG amounts to just 0.5 - 1.5 grams per day.

Is MSG safe?

Yes. Research in Europe, the United States and Asia clearly shows that MSG used in prepared foods or as a condiment is safe for humans of all ages.

Is MSG safe for infants?

Yes. Scientific studies show that infants metabolise MSG in just the same way as adults. In fact, human breast milk contains a much higher level of glutamate than cow's milk.

www.glutamate.org/media/faq.htm (which is why I have added my own comments in italics) 


 

  Back to Coconut Studio Index Page

 

Richard Parker  - Siargao Island - April  2005 (Last updated Monday, May 08, 2006)  

I welcome comments or corrections on my site and opinions, so please feel free to email me at:  richardparker01@yahoo.com